On August 31, Marla Ramírez (Assistant Professor of History and Chicanx/e & Latinx/e Studies) appeared on WPR’s “University of the Air” to discuss her research on removals of ethnic Mexicans from the United States between the two World Wars with host Norman Gilliland. Between 1921 and 1944, the U.S. expelled nearly one million people of Mexican descent. At least 60 percent of these were U.S. citizens. In her forthcoming book, Banished Citizens: A History of the Mexican American Women who Endured Repatriation, Ramírez argues that what was called “voluntary repatriation” was in fact state-sanctioned banishment that targeted families, especially women and children, without due process. Drawing on oral histories, transnational archival sources, and private collections, the book illuminates the lasting effects of coerced mass removal on three generations of ethnic Mexicans. It will be released in October by Harvard University Press.